Human Resource Management in Appar8us Case Study

Human Resource Management in Appar8us - Case Study Example The human resources manager wants to integrate the human resources policies and practice around the number of subsidiaries in different countries in order to achieve the corporate objective. Moreover IHRM consists of many functions, it is heterogeneous, involves constantly changing perspective, it requires more involvement in employee's personal lives and is also influenced by external sources. The International HR manager have to deal with the issue of international taxation, administrative services for expatriate's i.e. to have Selecting, training and appraising local and international employees. The HQ based HR manager deals with employees that have different cultural background. "The HQ manager must coordinate policies and procedures to manage expatriates from the firm's home country (parent country nationals, PNCs), host-country nationals (HCNs), as well as third country nationals (TCNs, e.g. a French manager working for an American MNC in the firm's Nigerian subsidiary) in subs idiaries around the world." (Manage Wise: International Human Resource Management). "The IHRM developed by Taylor and Beechler and Napier who argues that multinational competitive position is shaped by the organizational competencies that it possesses and how the firm transfers these across the nation." (Almond & Ferner 2006, P.225). The main purpose of IHRM is to have efficiency, locally responsive, being capable to transfer knowledge and learning across globally. The Appar8us is having a high control over subsidiaries having thorough use of expatriate manager in technical and managerial area of the business. A strong Appar8us culture is reinforced by regular staff bulletins and local company magazines in the language of the subsidiary company country. The Perlmutter's EPG model says that senior management of an international organization want to hold three primary functions such as Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric in building and expanding multinational capabilities. "Organizations are building IHRM functions that are shifting from the management of expatriation towards supplementary services to the business aimed at facilitating the globalisation process, and this involves capitalising upon the fragmentation of international employees." (Sparrow 2006). 2 Appar8us have strong control over the subsidiaries by way of expatriate manager in area of both technical and managerial area of business. The manger's opinion is to keep the union influence as little as possible .Also the company has introduced various schemes available for all

Community Empowerment and Motivation to Healthcare in an Acute Care Se Essay - 13

Community Empowerment and Motivation to Healthcare in an Acute Care Setting - Essay Example Motivation, however, involves triggering interest for application of developed potentials. Healthcare based empowerment and motivation within communities, therefore, involves facilitating self-reliance in improving health standards through prevention of diseases and infections without the direct involvement of care personnel. This aids self-care that, according to World Health Organization, is people’s potential, at either personal or communal level, to improve health standards, â€Å"prevent disease, and maintain health, and cope with illness and disability† without input from care personnel (Barlow, n.d., p. 1). Such empowerment and motivation are essential in the scope of acute care that majorly involves injuries and injury-related complications such as central nervous system and cerebrovascular accident complications, and â€Å"respiratory diseases,† â€Å"head injury,† â€Å"hemorrhage,† (Asha, 2013, p. 1). Community empowerment and motivation is an essential need that requires attention in acute care because of its preventive measure and its importance in providing emergency care in absence of care personnel. Its involved awareness and development of strengths for care initiatives ensure communities’ ability prevent the need for acute care and ability to meet rising health care needs. Consequently, the need ensures a healthy society regardless of the scarcity of health care facilities and personnel. It also means that community empowerment and motivation will relieve pressure on care facilities and promote efficiency in acute care services (See, 2007). My developed knowledge from the Doctor of Nursing Practice has diversified potentials to contribute to a nursing professional organization. My most significant contribution could be in the field of nursing research in which I could investigate aspects of self-care in an acute care setting. My research could explore people’s behavior and actions, and their possible effects on health.

Scrotal PNET in an Adult Patient

Scrotal PNET in an Adult Patient TITLE: Scrotal PNET in an Adult Patient: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. AUTHORS: M ª Gabriela Tirapu-de-Sagrario, Sandra Baleato-Gonzà ¡lez, Elena Pintos-Martà ­nez and Roberto Garcà ­a-Figueiras KEY WORDS: Neuroectodermal Tumors, Scrotum, Sarcoma, Groin, Inguinal Canal INTRODUCTION We report a, histologically confirmed, rare case of a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) originating from the scrotal sac in an adult patient. This report emphasizes the important role of pathology examination to reach final diagnosis on the basis of immunohistochemistry and electronic microscopy findings. Outcome depends upon the localization and staging of the tumour, age of the patient, histologic classification, extent of surgical resection and time to treatment. CASE REPORT An 84-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with an inguinoscrotal, irreducible, painless mass with a hard consistency, which had progressed over the last six months. There was no presence of urinary or intestinal symptoms. Alpha-Fetoprotein, beta-HCG and LDH values were found to be normal. The patient was subsequently referred to the Urology Departament and he underwent a pelvic MRI. It confirmed a 12x11x19 cm solid mass, which demonstrated central areas of necrosis and subtle amounts of haemorrhage (Figure 1). This mass demonstrated marked and heterogeneous enhancement after intravenous gadolinium administration as well as evidence of internal vascular flow. Both testes showed a normal morphology and signal on T2-weighted sequences (Figure 1). Surgical excision was performed by the Urology Service and they reported that the spermatic cord, femoral vessels and testes were displaced but not infiltrated by the mass (Figure 2A). Despite the fact that a sarcoma was the suggested dia gnosis on imaging, this case exhibited microscopic pathology features of a rare pPNET tumor in an unexpected location. The presence of neurosecretory granules in the electron microscopy (Figure 3) and the EWS-FLI1 traslocation confirmed the diagnosis. DISCUSSION pPNET is an uncommon tumor that belongs to the Ewing’s Sarcoma family of tumors (1-4). It is an aggressive neoplasm, with large size at presentation, which metastasizes rapidly and predominantly affects children and adolescents (1,3,5).The most common locations are: the chest wall, paraspinal area in the chest, abdomen and pelvis (7,8). Ellinger J, et al (1), performed a MEDLINE search identifying renal, bladder, prostate, ureter and seminal cord PNETs, Hari S et al (3) and Kim MS et al (9) also described kidney and retroperitoneum cases and even an uterus case was described by Peres E et al (10) but, to our knowledge, this is the first pPNET case which originated in the scrotal sac, independent of any organ. This tumor is extremely rare in adults and the clinical findings (large painful mass) do not help to distinguish a benign from a malignant tumor (11). At the presentation most of them grow as scrotal masses rather than inguinal masses because they usually originate just b elow the external inguinal ring (12). PNET tumor shows no specific imaging features, but radiological studies are useful to rule out other possible etiologies, to define the location of the tumor and its morphological characteristics as well as its distance extension (1,3,4). In order to diagnose PNET, and differentiate it from other tumors of the Ewing family, we need to demonstrate the expression of some neural markers on the inmunohistochemical stains, including neurofilament, NSE, Leu-7, vimentin, S-100, CD-56, chromogranin and synaptophysin (2). A definitive finding is the EWS-FLI1 traslocation and the presence of neurosecretory granules in electron microscopy (7,8). In conclusion, we present a histologically confirmed case of an extratesticular peripheral scrotal PNET, which possibly originated from a remnant of neuroectodermic cells of the neural crest. In a case like this one, with a huge genital mass, ultrasound and MRI are very useful modalities to assess the location of the mass, its dependency on any other organ and the tumoral internal structure. These will help us to suggest a possible differential diagnosis however the definitive diagnosis requires histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. REFERENCES Ellinger J, Bastian PJ, Hauser S, et al. Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor: Rare, highly aggressive differential diagnosis in Urologic Malignancies. J Urol 2006; 68(2):257-262 Gurung P,Attar K andPeters J. Primitive neuroectodermal tumorof thespermatic cord. Int J Urol.2010 Jul;17(7):679-80. Hari S,Jain TP,Thulkar S, et al. Imagingfeaturesofperipheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours. Br J Radiol.2008 Dec;81(972):975-83. Javery O,Krajewski K,ORegan K,el al. A to Z of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma family of tumors in adults: imaging features of primary disease, metastatic patterns, and treatment responses. AJR Am J Roentgenol.2011 Dec;197(6):W1015-22. Ibarburen C, Haberman JJ, Zerhouni EA. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. CT and MRI evaluation. Eur J Radiol. 1996 Feb;21(3):225-32. Fontaine C,Schots R,Braeckman J, et al. Long-term survival in an adult metastatic renal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PPNET) with multimodality treatment including high-dose chemotherapy. Ann Oncol.1997 Jul;8(7):691-4. Khong P.L, Chan G.C.F, Shek T.W.H, et al. Imaging of Peripheral PNET: Common and uncommon locations. Clinical Radiology. 2002;57:272-277 Hoffer FA, Gianturco LE, Fletcher JA, et al. Percutaneous Biopsy of Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and Ewing’s Sarcomas for Cytogenetic Analysis. AJR. 1994;162:1141-1142 Kim MS, Kim B, Park CS, et al. Radiologic Findings of Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Arising in the Retroperitoneum. AJR. 2006; 186:1125-1132. Peres E, Mattoo TK, Poulik J, et al. Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of the Uterus in a Renal Allograft Patient: A Case Report. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44:283-285. Lioe TF and Biggart JD. Tumours of the Spermatic Cord and Paratesticular Tissue. A Clinicopathological Study. British Journal of Urology. 1993; 71:600-606 Rodrà ­guez D and Olumi AF. Management of spermatic cord tumors: a rare urologic malignancy. Ther Av Urol. 2012: 4(6): 325-334 FIGURE LEGENDS Figure 1 A) Axial T2 TSE shows a large heterogenous inguinoscrotal mass that displaces the penis (void arrows) but apparently not infiltrates it. B) Axial T1 after intravenous contrast Maximum relative enhancement. It shows central hypoperfusion (black arrows), which is hyperintense on T2 sequences, probably due to necrosis or hemorrhage, and a solid hypervascularized periphery (white arrows). Figure 2 A) Surgical photograph shows the spermatic cord (white arrows), which is displaced but not affected by the large mass. B) A long axis section of the mass. Its observed an heterogenous tumor of mottled appearance with partially embossed, clear brownish areas, which are the solid ones (black asterisks). It also has extensive necrotic and hemorrhagic component (white asterisks). Figure 3 Electronic Microscopy. The presence of neuroendocrine granules (white circles) of various sizes (from 80 to 120 nm) in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells is confirmed. This finding demonstrates the neuroendocrine differentiation of the neuroectodermal tumor.

Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian Settlement at Cottam :: Medieval Archaeology Essays

Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian Settlement at Cottam Excavation of the Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian settlement at Cottam B (NGR 49754667) continued in July 1995, directed by Dr J.D. Richards for the Department of Archaeology, University of York. Work focused on a possible 10th-century settlement focus, c.200m NE of the 8th/9th-century site investigated in 1993. Two Norse bells, a 10th-century spearhead and a Jellinge-style brooch had been recovered from this area by metal-detector users, and field-walking had yielded Torksey-type ware sherds. Aerial photographs showed very few crop-marks in this area, although a magnetometer survey was conducted in Spring 1995 and revealed several ditched enclosures either side of droveways. The purpose of the 1995 excavation was to: - evaluate the survival of evidence in this area and investigate the reasons for the lack of crop-marks; - test the theory that this site represented a localised settlement shift from the SW; - characterise the nature of settlement in this area. A trench 20 x 100m was cut across the entrance, a central trackway, and parts of at least two enclosures. This revealed a massive ditched entranceway with an internal rampart and substantial wooden gate structure. At this point the ditch was at least 1.5m deep by 2.5m wide with a rampart behind it, although elsewhere the trackways and enclosures were defined by shallow ditches, less than 0.5m in depth. It appears that the main purpose of the entrance was for display rather than defensive purposes. Traces of several post-built structures were discovered within the enclosures, although truncation by ploughing had removed all occupation deposits and continues to make it difficult to define coherent building plans. The lack of crop-marks was demonstrated to be the result of the shallow nature of most of the features, many less than 0.1m deep, making them visible to magnetometry but not affecting crop growth. Several structural features were identified however, including a possible quarry pit and several industrial features which yielded large quantities of fuel ash slag. The finds recovered included two late strap-ends, one conveniently from a post-hole, as well as a number of dress pins, and a finger ring decorated with ring and dot ornament. The pottery, including York-, Torksey- and Maxey-type wares, attests to a range of trading contacts, both N and S of the Humber. This is in stark contrast to the 8th and early 9th century focus, which was apparently aceramic.

Mouse Excercise Essay

Brief: The proposed meeting envisages negotiation between multi parties for setting up an entertainment complex by world’s largest entertainment conglomerate, Mouse Company in Marne-la-Vallee near Paris, France. The National Government recognizes the importance of the project for foreign investment in France and the potential impact on the local economy and wants to move forward with the project. However the local municipalities are worried about the environmental impact the project will have on their local area and the resources need to cope up with expansion of economy. The major issues to be discussed at the proposed meeting include levy of a payroll-based tax, sharing of the tax revenue between four municipalities, levy of annual resource fees on the Mouse Company. Parties: The main parties to the negotiation are Mouse Company and four mayors and SAN has assumed the role of as common representative of all four municipalities. The exercise is expected to develop into two parallel negotiations which may end up to be consolidated at the end of the exercise. Goals: a. The Mouse Company’s goal would be to move forward with the project with minimum business tax and voluntary annual payments. b. The Mayors of Cheesy and Coupvray ‘s goal is to maximize the payroll tax revenue and seek voluntary payments. Instead of sharing their revenue with other municipalities, they would be pushing for voluntary payment by Mouse Company to other municipalities. The Mayors of Bailey and Magny ‘s goal is to seek reasonable share from the revenue earned by Cheesy and Coupvray and also seek voluntary payments from Mouse Company. d. As President of SAN our goal would be find a middle ground to achieve a reasonable resolution between four municipalities and then maximize the payment / tax from Mouse Company Press Release: The proposed project would stimulate the local and national economy of France resulting in millions of people visiting from neighboring states and countries. The press release should clearly reassure the Mouse Company and other international investors that the project would not be adversely impacted by due to internal issues between local municipalities. As president of SAN, we will be working hard to find common ground among four municipalities and work out a deal with the Mouse Company. Business tax: The goal would be to reach an agreement with the Mouse Company to impose a business tax of at least 1% or so in consultation with local communities. Division of Tax Revenue: The goal would be to reach an agreement between four municipalities to share the business tax revenue. As the mayors of Bailly and Magny understands that municipalities of Cheesy and Coupvray would be most impacted, they might be willing to share lower percentage of 10% to 15% each with balance 70% to 80% shared between municipalities of Cheesy and Coupvray. Alternatively, the National Government can impose of a surcharge/tax of 1% to be shared between all four municipalities. Voluntary payment by the Mouse Company to the towns: The Mouse Company should be asked to pay a annual payment of Euro 5 to 7. 5 million to compensate for the impact on environment and resources instead of higher business tax of 1. 5%. The municipalities of Bailey and Magny should get larger share in the voluntary payments.

Communication: The Culture Affect Essay

Communication one of life’s biggest assets yet also one of life’s greatest issues. Everyone uses communication – everyone in every walk of life, in every country, everywhere. There is no way around it. We depend on communication for nearly everything. â€Å"Communication is the vehicle by which meanings are conveyed, identity is composed and reinforced, and feelings are expressed. As we communicate using different cultural habits and meaning systems, both conflict and harmony are possible outcomes of any interaction† (LeBaron, 2003). Proper communication is one of the keys to success. One would think that given its importance, communication would be held in higher regard and more effort would be put forth in communicating correctly. Mary Guffey and Dana Lowey discuss the five key elements of culture in their book, Essentials of Business Communication, to help improve our understanding of cultural communication. Those five elements are as follows: context, individualism, formality, communication style, and time orientation. Guffey and Lowey say that â€Å"context is one the most important cultural dimensions, yet it is among the most difficult to define†. In one idea, context can be considered to be the environment from which one’s perceptions are attained. There are both low-context cultures, like the US and high-context cultures, like Asia. Low-context cultures tend to be more direct, and think everything needs to be explained. They do not mind confrontation or making demands. They rely on facts, data, and logic. They are more relaxed about power and wealth, but do value competence regardless of job or position. They take words at face value. High-context cultures value group decisions and rely on relationships ore than data. They avoid confrontation and emotion in business transactions. They value position and status over competency. They may not take words literally. (Guffey & Loewy, 2010) It is easy to see why context is important to our communication. If these differences were understood or at the very least known about before communication begins, misunderstandings and offenses can be avoided. â€Å"An attitude of independence and freedom from control characterizes individualism† (Guffey & Loewy, 2010). Low-context cultures, such as Americans, generally value individualism, while high-context cultures tend to be more collectivist. Individualism represents independence, self-assertion, initiative, competence, and personal achievement. Collectivism represents a more group-oriented mindset. Their identity is found in the group, rather than themselves as an individual. Then you have some cultures that cannot be characterized as either individual or group oriented primarily. (Guffey & Loewy, 2010) When communicating to these different groups, it is important to highlight the ideals that they value. Formality is another element. Some cultures hold tradition, ceremony, and social rules in high regard, while others do not. Americans, generally informal, can be quite offensive to more formal cultures. For example, Americans are friendly to most and develop friendships easily. We share information and are â€Å"comfortable† with authorities (teachers, bosses, etc. ) in our lives. We also address people by their first names, something that is not done by formal cultures. Titles are heavily used in formal cultures and names are reserved for only close friends and family. The Western, informal, culture is more relaxed about social status and position of power. Formal cultures hold authority figures in very high regard. In Egypt, Turkey, and Japan students stand when their teacher enters the room and bows to them when they pass them on the street. (Samovar, Porter & McDaniel, 2010) So again, when communicating with a group or culture that is different from you, especially communication from an informal culture to a formal culture, it is vital to know the culture and mold your communication appropriately. Communication style is another important element that cultures approach differently. For example, â€Å"to Americans and Germans, words are very important, especially in contracts and negations. People in high-context cultures, on the other hand, place more emphasis on the surrounding context than on the words describing a negotiation† (Guffey & Loewy, 2010). Americans approach contrast as final, Japanese approach contracts as intentional but changing, and Mexicans approach contracts as ideals in a perfect world. Americans are straightforward in communication and are somewhat distrusting of individuals who are not for full disclosure. Americans like to work through negotiations quickly. The Japanese, or high-context culture, tend to drag out negotiations because they have realized others cultures concede over time. They are often quite and meticulous in negotiations. Realizing the differences in communication styles will be of tremendous asset to one’s business dealings. The fifth element that separates cultures is time orientation. Americans view time as an important commodity. They value productivity and efficiency. They see time as money. They, as a general rule, do not keep people waiting for business meetings. For one, that would not be a good business practice and two, that would be exceptionally rude. While this is true for American cultures, there are many other cultures that do not look at time the same way at all. Hispanic or Caribbean cultures have a far more relaxed view of time. They, generally, are not in a hurry. According to Guffey and Lowey, † the perception of time and how it is used are culturally learned†. Having an understanding of how a culture uses their time becomes important as you begin to have dealings with them. Each culture has its view on these different elements; each culture communicates differently, each culture values differently, and so on. It is important to realize these differences and learn to adapt to the culture in which you are currently dealing. Adapting to a particular culture could possibly be there difference in making or breaking a deal. Life, as a whole, is about compromise and balance. Communication is simply another element of compromise. As stated earlier, communication can be one of life’s biggest assets or one of life’s greatest issues. Words and actions must be chosen wisely to communicate effectively.