A Pale View of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro Essays

A Pale View of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro Essays A Pale View of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro Paper A Pale View of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro Paper Paper Topic: Writing The character of Mariko in the novel A Pale View of Hills by Kazuo Ishiguro is that of a little youngster who is around ten years of age. She is introduced by the creator as an unbalanced and regularly troublesome young lady who battles for her mom Sachikos nonexistent love and acknowledgment. Her character, conduct, and character have all been formed by her encounters of the war and the Nagasaki bombarding of 1945. Be that as it may, regardless of the youth injuries Mariko has experienced, she additionally shows demonstrations of enormous love, dedication and responsibility towards things or parts of her life she feels emphatically for. The primary thing that might be promptly perceptible in Marikos character is that she is a significant clumsy youngster. This is represented plainly in the scene where Mariko endeavors to gobble a creepy crawly slithering up the mass of Sachikos bungalow. Positively, Etsuko is frightened when Mariko does this, as she says, I began back, and later, It paused for a minute for me to recoup. Etsuko portrays her as having an enigmatically upsetting quality, and says that Mariko has an abnormally passive look. The creator utilizes words to comparable impact all through the novel to portray Mariko. Another undeniable characteristic of Marikos is that she isn't cherished by her mom. Sachiko infers that Mariko is an incredible weight to her when she makes statements were extremely troublesome when Mariko was conceived. She additionally doesn't help Mariko adapt to the trials she has experienced, as she says to Etsuko, So please dont trouble a lot with her. Sachiko basically couldn't care less about Mariko, and neglects to try and go to bat for her little girl when she is blamed for something she didn't do. When Sachiko suffocates the little cats, the battling creatures are illustrative of Marikos enthusiastic battles for her moms love and consideration. Close to the furthest limit of the novel, when saying, Do you think I envision for one second that Im a decent mother to her? Sachiko concedes that she realizes she was never the mindful, cherishing, committed mother to Mariko she ought to have been. Mariko is likewise observed to have a shut brain. Ishiguro utilizes wretched misrepresentation to show this point. Her musings are pulled back and withdrawn, and Etsuko says of Mariko, I could see just obscurity. A statement in the arachnid scene, [Mariko] shut her hand on it so that [the spider] was detained, is emblematic as in Mariko is detained inside her own psyche. Her relative hesitance Mariko stayed quiet all through that excursion home is additionally likely an impression of her pulled back nature, as she might suspect deep down instead of voice them out like other youngsters her age would. Nonetheless, Mariko additionally shows full fondness towards things she profoundly thinks about. Her little cats are the prime model in this novel, and she makes steady and predictable reference to them. She demands playing at the kujibiki remain until she wins a case which she utilizes as a home for her little cats We could convey the cats in there We could take them in the case, couldnt we, Mother? When Yasuko-San tells Mariko, And youre not to stress over your cats, we get the feeling that Mariko has just communicated her interests for the prosperity of her pets to Yasuko-San. Mariko likewise attempts to be defensive of her little cats when Sachiko requests to have them by going to Etsuko for help. She says, Do you need to see [Atsu, one of the kittens], Etsuko-San? by and by delineating her adoration for the little cats and furthermore her defenselessness before her mom, Sachiko. In spite of Marikos protective manner towards the little cats, she can likewise exhibit very youngster like conduct. Mariko yelled something and pointed. At that point she rushed on energetically. This expression, for instance, shows the ordinary, blameless nature of a youngster she Mariko still has in her despite every one of that has ever happened to her. She shows comparable conduct in another segment of the novel, when she ran somewhat route ahead, at that point hung tight for us to make up for lost time. Her naivety is demonstrated likewise when she is unmindful of a lady gazing at her from the train stage. Mariko kept on watching out of the window, very ignorant of the lady. Her excitement when glancing through her optics, Mariko appeared to test the adequacy of her optics, holding them to her eyes one second, removing them the following is likewise a genuine case of when Mariko is still especially a kid. For a large portion of the novel A Pale View of Hills, Mariko is introduced as a little youngster who makes some hard memories in conveying and mingling. She is regularly ungainly, and obviously doesn't get the measure of affection she ought to get from her mom. Be that as it may, she likewise shows characteristics that demonstrate she would be a vastly improved mother than Sachiko herself, and even insights that she would be a surprisingly better kid than she is for the vast majority of the novel.

Introduction to Environmental Health and Risk Assessment Essay

Asbestos is viewed as a Public wellbeing risk. As such there have been various logical estimates embraced to deal with this hazard to ecological wellbeing and security. In this conversation the creator would propel that the most ideal approach to oversee asbestos is by applying the asbestos code intended for that specific area. It is accepted to be sheltered since it is a code which has been explored preceding its structure and a significant number of the significant hazard factors were thought of. It follows particular aides, for example, ‘elimination/expulsion (generally liked); disconnection/fenced in area/fixing; designing controls; safe work rehearses (regulatory controls); individual defensive hardware (PPE) (Asbestos control measures, 2010). In accordance with this undertaking the hazard the executives intend to be embraced is the disposal and evacuation alternative which would be examined in more detail. Defense for the choice In request to legitimize why it is accepted that the disposal and evacuation choice is the best under any conditions to mange asbestos hazards ,the peruser must comprehend what it truly does. First the expulsion must be led by an ensured preservationist who is proficient in the training and would direct the procedure as indicated by the ecological heath and wellbeing code relating to that system. In this way, it prohibits the invasion of a fledgling endeavor the hazard the board strategy. Asbestos is an intense natural risk as such any endeavors at control must be experimentally checked. As was recently referenced these are logical intercessions which are actualized following quite a while of all around assessed explore, ‘environmental information, network wellbeing concerns and wellbeing result data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. nvironmental information are assessed to decide if individuals in the network may be presented to risky materials from the NPL office. ’ (ATSDR, 2009). The evacuation limits are painstakingly characterized; security signs and proper showcases are raised for general society to perceive that nature is being focused for asbestos expulsion. This ensures the network during the procedure since they would not enter the risky limit zones. It is all out enlightenment. Other than; the electrical hardware are evacuated and all apparatuses which are utilized to give electrical force must be killed. These add to the asbestos hazard when end and evacuation are finished. It can't be overemphasized this guarantees total disposal and security after the procedure is finished. Thus, here is the avocation this is the best choice for evacuating both friable and non friable asbestos. It is enthusiastically suggested as a hazard the executives gadget. In what capacity will disposal and expulsion give a more noteworthy measure of insurance from the natural dangers related with Asbestos? Clearly, it is illumination of the hazard itself. It resembles directing a main driver examination whereby the establishment of the factor is improved to guarantee that is has been pulverized totally. Disconnection/fenced in area/fixing; designing controls; safe work rehearses (regulatory controls); individual defensive gear (PPE) (Asbestos control measures, 2010) are for the most part palliative measures. These don't stand the trial of time since they act essentially as control measures. There is still asbestos in the climate. Of significant criticalness is that the impacts of asbestos don't show right away. It takes years. During that time nobody knows how viable these control measure may be. There will never be a certain method of assessing their actual viability until a whole network turns out to be sick from this presentation which should be controlled. In this way, it is the author’s conviction that the most ideal approaches to keep away from any inclined impacts and give ideal security is by disposal and evacuation. An Outline of the chose technique used to assess consequences of the alternative picked to execute Asbestos chance administration. The usage task in itself offers a procedure of assessment which is to decide the nearness of asbestos noticeable all around after the end procedure has been finished. This is a logical assessment. There are basically three sorts of asbestos. Preceding the end system the earthy person would have assessed the sorts to decide if it was white (chsorile); blue (crocidolite) or earthy colored (amosite). The Environmental Protective Agency (EPA) has concocted a logical strategy to assess asbestos expulsion. It has been investigated and seen as a fitting estimating instrument. This involves the selection of an elective test which will assess the expulsion system used to decide how powerful it was in evaluating how much asbestos was truly expelled. Correctly, it endeavors to expel a few kinds of asbestos harbored in structures. The inside of the structure is wet, and afterward annihilated without barring whatever different sorts of asbestos might be available. Enough water is applied to trap any asbestos which may have gotten away from the underlying reatment. This activity is checked and the measure of asbestos present in the air is assessed. It is normally tried against a formerly led illumination treatment. (U. S Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos Project Plan, 2010) This is a possible method of assessing the consequences of a formerly led asbestos expulsion work out. The earthy people can likewise re-measure the asbestos content deductively. In any case, this strategy even assesses the particular instrument utilized and just not the level of substances expelled.

Craft a Perfect Thesis

Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis In university and even in high school, the quality of your paper totally depends on the quality of your thesis. What’s a thesis? The point of your paper! It should outline what your essay will argue, and what examples you will use to prove the point. Almost every single paper in high school and university requires a thesis, unless the teacher or professor specifically states that a thesis is not necessary. Sometimes, the instructions will give you your thesis. That’s when the directions say, “write a paper arguing climate change is a threat to Canada’s environment,” or “write an essay either agreeing or disagreeing with the idea that history advances because of the decisions of great leaders”. Other times, an essay assignment will just give you the topic for your paper, like “write a paper about an American leader in the Cold War.” These papers still require a thesis, which your argument will revolve around. No matter what the instructions are for your paper, it has to have a main point. Find your thesis by asking yourself, “what am I trying to say in this essay?”. The thesis statement will focus this into a single sentence or paragraph. It will show your reader, professor or TA, what to expect when they read your paper. Summarize your main point into one sentence, and then summarize the arguments you will use to prove this point. Avoid being too general, or the reader may be confused. And avoid being so specific that your argument ends up straying from the precise thesis. Be as concise and specific as possible but stay on point. The thesis should appear somewhere in your paper’s introduction, most likely at the end of the first paragraph. Avoid burying the thesis in the middle of your paper, unless the assignment specifically requires you to give a lot of background information before getting to your argument. If it helps, it’s usually fine to structure the sentence in a way that makes your thesis statement obvious. Starting the thesis with, “This paper will argue . . .” or “The point of this essay is . . .” makes the thesis stand out, and makes it easy for your professor to find. As you write your paper, keep checking to make sure each paragraph and each argument is related to your thesis. You can help the reader along by adding one sentence into each paragraph directly relating it to the thesis. And be sure to reword your thesis in the essay’s conclusion! This will end your paper naturally, and demonstrate how well you made your point. Not sure if your thesis is good enough? Or do you have no clue what it should be? Let Homework Help Canada take your thesis to the next level! We can assist you along every step of the way with our thesis and essay outlines service and our unique one-to-one Skype essay help sessions. Our team of professional writers has years of experience writing high-level essays and we can help you feel confident with your work. Find out more about our services or contact us to learn about our tutoring and editing services to ensure you only hand in the best assignments! Reference: Writing tips: Thesis statement. (2013). Retrieved August 26, 2015, from Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis Craft a Perfect Thesis In university and even in high school, the quality of your paper totally depends on the quality of your thesis. What’s a thesis? The point of your paper! It should outline what your essay will argue, and what examples you will use to prove the point. Almost every single paper in high school and university requires a thesis, unless the teacher or professor specifically states that a thesis is not necessary. Sometimes, the instructions will give you your thesis. That’s when the directions say, “write a paper arguing climate change is a threat to USAs environment,” or “write an essay either agreeing or disagreeing with the idea that history advances because of the decisions of great leaders”. Other times, an essay assignment will just give you the topic for your paper, like “write a paper about an American leader in the Cold War.” These papers still require a thesis, which your argument will revolve around. No matter what the instructions are for your paper, it has to have a main point. Find your thesis by asking yourself, “what am I trying to say in this essay?”. The thesis statement will focus this into a single sentence or paragraph. It will show your reader, professor or TA, what to expect when they read your paper. Summarize your main point into one sentence, and then summarize the arguments you will use to prove this point. Avoid being too general, or the reader may be confused. And avoid being so specific that your argument ends up straying from the precise thesis. Be as concise and specific as possible but stay on point. The thesis should appear somewhere in your paper’s introduction, most likely at the end of the first paragraph. Avoid burying the thesis in the middle of your paper, unless the assignment specifically requires you to give a lot of background information before getting to your argument. If it helps, it’s usually fine to structure the sentence in a way that makes your thesis statement obvious. Starting the thesis with, “This paper will argue . . .” or “The point of this essay is . . .” makes the thesis stand out, and makes it easy for your professor to find. As you write your paper, keep checking to make sure each paragraph and each argument is related to your thesis. You can help the reader along by adding one sentence into each paragraph directly relating it to the thesis. And be sure to reword your thesis in the essay’s conclusion! This will end your paper naturally, and demonstrate how well you made your point. Not sure if your thesis is good enough? Or do you have no clue what it should be? Let Homework Help USA take your thesis to the next level! We can assist you along every step of the way with our thesis and essay outlines service and our unique one-to-one Skype essay help sessions. Our team of professional writers has years of experience writing high-level essays and we can help you feel confident with your work. Find out more about our services or contact us to learn about our tutoring and editing services to ensure you only hand in the best assignments! Reference: Writing tips: Thesis statement. (2013). Retrieved August 26, 2015, from

A Study On The Sustainability Cluster Essay - 1271 Words

At one point in life, one must decide on what one would like to do in their future. My studies would focus on detail studies in the sustainability cluster. Nowadays, sustainability is a topic which research is still maturing and design relative new. My research would emphasize in ruralization of current urban cities that would help increase innovative design presented in urban environment in Japan. Many major cities in the US and around the world have developed such that much of the land has been converted into urbanized areas. With an estimated 3 million people and greater living in those urban areas, people have exhausted the land usage and have no choice but to rely on high-rise buildings. Many modern architects and landscape architects focus their careers on trying to create sustainable cities, but are still limited by the maximum space they can work with. Others emphasize in the incorporation of biophilic medium to solve the problem. As land-space in some countries are limited a nd most are reaching its capacities, architecture should focus on innovating designs that can create an environment that would allow the people to benefit from its agricultural and urban function. Many cities have become overpopulated, leading to people to live in high-rise complexes. Minimal spacious rooms are designed to accommodate single families that reside in many urban cities. Families of three or four members settle to dwell in rooms where the size is compared to those of a single livingShow MoreRelatedAgri Udaan Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesinto clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long term sustainability by way of enhancing the marketability of products, improving the skills of artisans, making provision for common facilities and strengthening the cluster governance systems. ï‚ § ïÆ'Ëœ The Scheme guidelines of SFURTI have been revamped in 2015 and the Scheme has taken giant strides in 2015. Funds to the tune of Rs.62 Crore have been sanctioned under the Scheme in 2015 as against Nil in 2014. ï‚ § ïÆ'Ëœ 68 clusters haveRead MoreCathedral Hill Hospital1596 Words   |  6 PagesCalifornia Pacific Medical Center hired SMWM to design the association of two acute care facilities on one of CPMC’s existing campuses with the condition that they sign a multiparty contract with Sutter. Suggested Key Support Tasks Sustainability Checkpoints Sustainability Checkpoint - 0 Information Exchanges Single Multi-party Contract †¢ Integrated Agreement for Lean Project Delivery Between Owner, Architect CM/GC – also stated as Integrated Form of Agreement (IFOA) UK Government Information ExchangesRead MoreEffective Leadership : Management Values Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Leadership: Management Values in the Latin American Cluster â€Å"A strategy is something like, an innovative new product; globalization, taking your products around the world; be the low-cost producer. A strategy is something you can touch; you can motivate people with; be number one and number two in every business. You can energize people around the message .† Jack Welch In order for a multinational enterprise (MNE) to be successful in infiltrating Brazil’s market, it’s important forRead MoreQuestions On Sustainability Of Real Estate1422 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This report focuses on the review and discussion of three scholarly papers related to sustainability in real estate. A section will be dedicated to each of the three papers. Within these sections, the nature of the work and its key findings will be reviewed along with the author’s motivation and intentions. Additionally, different types and sources of data that is used in the papers will be examined and analyzed in order to enhance the topics discussed. The final section of this reportRead MoreEssay On Population Assessment1239 Words   |  5 Pages3.4 Location of the Study The study was conducted in Kajiado North Sub County which is one of the five Sub Counties in Kajiado County, it is located at latitude of 01 °53S and longitude 36 °48E. The study site was purposely selected because it is rated among the most populated at 387,538 people (Kenya Housing and Population Census, 2009) and convenience. The Sub County covers an area of 7400.9sq.km, and comprises five educational zones namely Ngong, Ongata Rongai, Magadi, Kisamis and Euwaso KedongRead MoreWalmart‚Äà ´s Sustainability Strategy1028 Words   |  5 PagesCase analysis: Walmart’s Sustainability Strategy Why Walmart announces sustainability strategy? There is no need to introduce its background anymore; I think everyone knows the super supermarket leader’s name which is called Walmart. Here is the point that in this case why the CEO of Walmart Scott announced to do the business sustainability strategy in 2005. The sustainability will be the most focused in the 21century when the environment get worse every day. This strategy seems that WalmartRead MoreBelgium : The Country Of The European Union And A Country With Limited Resources1467 Words   |  6 Pagesattained a high of 4.3% GDP in 2010. DETERMINANTS OF BELGUIM COMPETITIVENESS In 2010, based on a number of determinants, Belgium as the 16th most competitive country in the world. Being a country that has constantly maintained the principle of sustainability, they have shown transparency in the commodity sector, which is heavily equipped with a well-developed infrastructure, which has further helped in its competitiveness. Belgium has a respected single bodied judicial system as well as a monarchicalRead MorePlanning Of Land Usage And Conservation Of Energy Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesintent would be Building sustainability in the countries that are not well developed by the planning of land usage and conservation of energy. It is an intelligent scientific design, where it is the advancement of the current generation needs without hampering the future generation needs. The environmental and economic problems in our planet are mostly contributed by the construction industry and urbanization. We must take the challenge and create eco-design, sustainability a nd construction practicesRead MoreEconomic And Environmental Performance Of Vendor-Verhouse Gas ( VMI ) Supply Chains1295 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental issues, mainly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, are the result of the excessive use of energy in production systems. The scarcity of resources, governmental regulations, and public awareness on sustainability make them expensive to companies. The speed of producing items (production rate) impacts GHG emissions generation in manufacturing, i.e. usually faster production results in more emissions, which is controllable in many cases. The production rate also affects the process qualityRead MoreSustainability Of The Un s World Commission On Environment And Development2082 Words   |  9 Pagescreation of the UN’s World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, the term â€Å"sustainability† has become a common term used when discussing the future of the world (Kerr Hart-Steffes2012). Sustainability, in a bro ad sense, means living harmoniously with the environment, society, and economy without compromising quality of life for peoples of future generations. There are three main components to sustainability: social, environmental, and economic. The social dimension refers to housing, education

Perceptions on Pregnancy Critical Thinking

Many view pregnant women as special people who require special attention and who are always in need of assistance. It is common for people to give way for pregnant women to pass, help carry their groceries to the car and other helpful gestures. However, this also depends on age. In some cultures, young unmarried expectant ladies might be treated with contempt and avoided by some. According to Crawford, the reaction to pregnancy can be viwed in terms of benevolent and hostile sexism (Crawford, 2001, P. 277). The woman can either be pampered and be treated as special in the case of benevolent sexism, or, the woman can be discriminated against, like when making job applications. These reactions might contribute greatly to a woman’s emotonal responses to pregnancy. The benevolent sexists might make a pregnant woman feel overwhelmed with the new status due to the expectations ‘placed’ on her. This special treatment might make the whole journey of childbirth seem bigger and more important, putting the woman at a loss and making her feel incapable of fullfilling this ‘huge’ responsibility. The hostile sexists might make women feel fulnerable due to their condition. The woman might fear attempting things that would expose her to such an embarrassment. Crawford states that these two reactions sustain social inequality and exposes the women to ‘an extra dose of sexuality’ since their condition is evident (P. 277). The media representation of motherhood has been that of the able woman who can handle her pregnancy, childbirth and child-rearing with ease, respect and a certain decorum that almost every other society expects of the pregnant woman. Crawford explains that the media representation of a mother as a superwoman, subtle in her ways, and with no sexual expression is false (p. 275). She further states that the Madona image of a mother who is successful in everyhting and balances career with being a wife and a mother; is not practical and put a lot of pressure on women. When a woman is expectant, at some point they have to take time of work to have the baby and nurse. This affects her career as she has a lot of catching up to do once she resumes. Some women also choose to quit work and become stay-at-home mothers. Crawford explains that the impact on career is dependent on the mother’s social class. Middle class women mostly quit their jobs and rare their children while the low class women are forced to get jobs to be able to provide for their families (p. 278). References Crawford, M. 2011. Transformations: Women, Gender, and Psychology. MCGraw Hill.

Brown’s Installation Service Free Essays

Brown’s Installation Service is the leader in installation, relocation, and reconfiguration of office furniture. In business since 1972, you can be sure that their thirty five years of experience will help you in setting up or changing an office easily and efficiently. Along with their expertise in the installation of modular furniture, Brown’s also offers moving services as well as inventory management. We will write a custom essay sample on Brown’s Installation Service or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the crews sent from Brown’s Installation Service are highly trained and familiar with all manufactured office furniture systems and casegoods, including such brand names as Haworth, Steelcase, and Herman Miller. Brown’s Installation Service is aware that businesses are always looking for good quality at a low price. Unfortunately, there are furniture companies that quote really low prices and make a lot of promises, but they rarely follow through. Brown’s is not that kind of company. You will be provided with excellent service at a reasonable price, and the crews will work as quickly as possible to ensure that your business is not disrupted. To make this possible, Brown’s Installation Service will come to your office at any time of any day, including weekends. The office is open from 8 to 5 Monday through Friday, but you may reach someone by cell phone 24/7. Brown’s prides themselves on always being available to their customers. There is no job too big or too small for Brown’s Installation Service. Everything is handled in house, so one phone call will take care of your entire project. With years of experience, fair pricing, round the clock service, and one call to take care of everything, there is no reason not to call Brown’s Installation Service for your office furniture needs! Don’t be fooled by the competition. Come to Brown’s first, and come away satisfied! Call 803-735-7196 for inquiries, 803-796-5801 for a quote, or email todd@brownsinstallation. com, and get your office project started today! How to cite Brown’s Installation Service, Papers

Systems and Credit Risk Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Systems and Credit Risk Management. Answer: Introduction: The company drafted 10 years plan for new plant expansion. ANB Automobile Berhad need to compute the amount of money coming in and amount of money going out so as to determine the feasibility level of this particular business. There is no point of investing huge amounts of money without determining whether the business will generate more revenue and reserves than what was initially invested (Combs, Clapp-Smith Nadkarni, 2010). For that purpose, the company need to carry out cash flow analysis so as to determine whether cash inflow is greater than cash outflow. If cash outflow is more than cash inflow, then the project under consideration is not worth investing since the company will incur loses. If the cash inflow is more than cash outflow, then the project is worth investing since the company is making profits. If the cash inflow is equal to cash outflow, then the company is indifferent on whether to invest or not (Cocca Alberti, 2012). From the beginning of 2017, ANB Automobile B erhad Company placed an initial investment of RM 37 million in research and development (R D). This implies that the first cash outflow occurred in year 2017 amounting to 37 million. Again ANB Automobile Berhad Company decided to purchase piece of land worth 3 million. This is a cash outflow because money is moving out of the company. Cost of construction will 28.5 million. This amount was splinted into two payments. First payment was done at 20.5 million on 31 December 2018. That falls under cash outflow. Second payment was done at 8 million on 31 December 2019. Again that is cash outflow. Second payment of RM 8 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2019. This was the second payment to construction process (Chopra, 2012). This amount was also a cash outflow. Again, the company had to offer commission and pay for transport and equipment. Installation of equipment will be completed at the middle of 2019 and payment is expected to be made at 31 December 2019. Total cost includes RM 15 million for equipment and transportation. For commission, ANB Automobile Berhad Company spent RM 300,000. These amounts will be reflected in cash outflow column in cash flow d iagram. The company also need to put the cost of operation into consideration. From first year, 2017, the operational cost was 950,000. Thus for 2018, operation cost was 104% 950,000= 988,000. For year 2019, operation cost will be 104% 988,000= 1,027,520. Therefore, the total operation cost for ANB Automobile Berhad Company by the end 2019 will be 950,000+988,000+1,027,520= 2,965,520. To consider the cash inflow that the company will generate, then we consider year 2017 as a base year for a span of 3 year up to 2019. Overall revenue of the company has decreased to RM 30 million at first year and predicted to increase 5% each year. Thus, the revenue in year 1 = 30 million. For year 2 will be 105% 30 million= 31.5 million. For year 3, 105 31.5=33. 075. Events Description year Cash outflow 000 1 Initial investment of RM 37 million in research and development (R D).This was done in the beginning of 2017 2017 37,000 2 Cash used to purchase a new piece of land for expansion. Extension of the new plant requires a piece of land cost RM 3 million. 2018 3,000 3 First payment of RM 20.5 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2018. This was the first payment to construction process. 2018 20, 500 4 Second payment of RM 8 million made to the contractor on 31 December 2019. This was the second payment to construction process. 2019 8,000 5 Installation of equipment will be completed at the middle of 2019 and payment is expected to be made at 31 December 2019. Total cost includes RM 15 million for equipment and transportation. 2019 15,000 6 RM 300,000 for commissioning. 2019 300 7 Operation costs year 2017 2017 950 Operation costs year 2018 2018 988 Operation costs year 2019 2019 1027.52 Totals 86,765.52 From the above computation, we realize that the company spend RM 86,765,520 in the project for expansion. This cost has been made as payment to various expenditures for a span of 3 years. That is, 2017 to 2019. On the other hand, the same company will generate total revenue of 30 + 31.5 + 33.075= 94.575 million for a span of 3 years. Since the cash inflow in there years is greater than cash outflow in three years, then the business is worth investing. That is, cash flow= cash inflow-cash outflow= 94.575-86.76552=7.80948 million. With the aid of Present Worth and Future Worth analysis, explain the feasibility of the proposal if Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) is 20%. The net present worth (NPW) or present worth or net present value (NPV) of given series of cash flow is the equivalent values of the cash flows at the end of year zero. That is, at the beginning of year 1. Net present worth = equivalent present worth of future cash flow initial investment (Daft, 2015). Under NPW method, PW of all cash inflows are compared with PW of all cash outflows. The difference between these PVs is called the net present value. This is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows of a project. To get the present values a discount rate is used which is the rate of return or the opportunity cost of capital (DeTombe, 2012). The opportunity cost of capital is the expected rate of return that an investor could earn if the money would have been invested in financial assets of equivalent risk. Hence its the return that an investor would expect to earn. When calculating the NPV the cash flows are used and this implies that any non-cash item such as depreciation if included in the cash flows should be adjusted for (Arnold, 2010). Cash flows of the investment should be forecasted based on realistic assumptions. If sufficient information is given one should make the appropriate adjustments for non-cash items. Identify the appropriate discount rate (Fletcher, 2012). For this project the rate of return is provided at 20%. Compute the present value of cash flows identified in step 1 using the discount rate in step2. The NPV is found by subtracting the present value of cash out flows from present value of cash inflows. Mathematically this is represented as follow. Net Present Value (NPV) or present worth This is defined mathematically as the present value of cash flow less the initial outflow. Where Ct is the cash flow K is the opportunity cost of capital Io is the initial cash outflow n is the useful life of the project Decision Rule using NPV The decision rule under NPV is to: - Accept the project if the NPV is positive - Reject the project if NPV is negative Note: if the NPV = 0, use other methods to make the decision. Thus, if we compute the present worth of the company at rate of return of 20%, then we discount the cash flows for three years. That is from 2017 to 2019. We discount the revenue of 30 million at 20% rate of return (Gogu, 2017). However, since the engineering department has drafted a 10 years plan including of expanding a new plant to accommodate the production of this new range of cars, the present worth can be computed for a period of 10 years. Present worth = ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)) + ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)2) + ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)3) +..+ ((30, 000,000 (1+0.2)10) 86,765,520 = 275,000,000 Future worth. Net Future Value measures the surplus in an investment project at time zero. Net future worth measures the surplus or equivalent worth or value of a project at the end of the investment period (Heranz, 2010). For the project under consideration, the future worth of the project will be compounded at a rate of return given as 20%. Mathematically, FW= A0(1+I)10 + A1(1+I)9+ A2(1+I)8+ .+ A2(1+I)1 . This formula will calculate the future worth for a period of 3 years. That is, from 2017 to 2019. However, since the engineering department has drafted a 10 years plan including of expanding a new plant to accommodate the production of this new range of cars, the future worth can be computed for a period of 10 years. Future worth = 30,000,000 (1+0.2)10+ 30,000,000 (1+0.2)9+30,000,000 (1+0.2)8+ . + 30,000,000 (1+0.2)1 = 342,000,000. From the computed values of present worth and future worth of the company at Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) of 20%, the project under consideration is feasible for the following decision. The present worth of ANB Automobile Berhad Company is positive (Lee, 2016). This implies that the project has a positive net present value. In that case, the project is worth investing hence feasible. From future worth, we find that the value of future worth of the project expansion is greater than present worth of the project (Kanungo Manuel, 2014). This is a positive indicator that the project is worth investing hence feasible. Prepare a plot of PW versus i estimate the break even rate of return for the proposal. Sensitivity analysis is a variation of the break-even analysis (Marylene, 2014). In sensitivity analysis we are asking; for example, what shall be the consequences if volume or price or cost changes? This question can be asked differently: How much lower the sales volume can become before the project becomes Unprofitable? To answer this question we shall require the breakeven point. A plot on pw verse i can be given when i represent rate of return for the project. Recall that present worth = net present value. If i2 = 20% then: PW (I) 2 = 275 PW (I) 1 - PW (I) 2 PW (I) 1 0 Continuing with the above example, let us compute the level of units variable costs above which the PW is negative. PW = Annual cash flows x PVIFA 20%, 10 yrs. - 86,765,520 Annual cash flows = Revenue Let break even rate of return be V Annual cash flows = (30,000,000 - 100 (V) Therefore NPV = [(300,000,000 - 100 V) At Breakeven point PW = 0 Therefore (165,000 - 50 V + 15,000) 6.145 = 86,765,520 1,106,100 - 30,725,000 v = 86,765,520 30,725,000 V = 86,765,520-1,106,100 V = 2.78793881% Thus, the required break even rate of return for the proposal is 2.78793881%. Propose the price of the car and minimum production unit per year needed to generate the annual revenue that breakeven the cost for R D and setting up the new plant. Assume that the company is expected to breakeven the cost after 5 years at Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) 20%. NPV = Annual cash flows x PVIFA 20%, 5 yrs. - 86,765,520 Annual cash flows = Revenue - variable costs - Fixed costs - depreciation - Tax + depreciation. Let variable cost per unit be V. for this case, depreciation and taxation are not provided. Thus, we compute the value of one unit or rather one car as follows. Annual cash flows = Revenue - variable costs - Fixed costs The operating cost for the project = variable costs +fixed costs Annual cash flows = Revenue operating costs. Operation cost for five years = 950,000+ 950,000 104% + 988,000104% +1,027,520 104% +1,068620 104% = 5,145,505 Revenue for 5 years= 30,000,000(1+0.05)5= 127,575,000 Annual cash flows = 86,765,520 Therefore NPV = 275,000,000 At Breakeven point NPV = 0 Therefore, Annual cash flows = Revenue operating costs. 86,765520 V = 275,000,000 + 127,575,000 V = 4.6939 million. Therefore the point above which the variable cost per unit will cause the NPV to be negative is about 4.6939 million. This will be the price of the car. Suggest some strategies to be used in penetrating the current automobile market that is highly competitive. A market is allocatively efficient if it directs savings towards the most efficient productive enterprise or project. In this situation, the most efficient enterprises will find it easier to raise funds and economic prosperity for the whole economy should result (Maslow, 2013). Allocative efficiency will be at its optimal level if there is no alternative allocation of funds channeled from savings that would result in higher economic prosperity. To be allocatively efficient, the market should have fewer financial intermediaries such that funds are allocated directly from savers to users, therefore financial disintermediation should be encouraged. This concept relates to the cost, to the borrower and lender, of doing business in a particular market. The greater the transaction cost, the greater the cost of using financial market and therefore the lower the operational efficiency (McGregor, 2012). Transaction cost is kept as low as possible where there is open competition between broker and other market participants. For a market to be operationally efficient, therefore, we need to have enough market makers who are able to play continuously. This reflects the extent to which the information regarding the future prospect of a security is reflected in its current price. If all known (public information) is reflected in the security price, then investing in securities becomes a fair game (Christopher, 2011). All investors have the same chances mainly because all the information that can be known is already reflected in share prices (Richard, 2013). Information efficiency is important in financial management because it means that the effect of management decision will quickly and accurately be reflected in security prices. Efficient market hypothesis relates to information processing efficiency. It argues that stock markets are efficient such that information is reflected in share prices accurately and rapidly. Creative Accounting strategy In an efficient market, prices are based upon expected future cash flow and therefore they reflect all current information (Clardy, 2013). There is no point therefore in firms attempting to distort current information to their advantage since investors will quickly see through such attempts. Studies have been done for example to show that changes from straight-line depreciation to reducing balance method, although it may result to increasing profit, may have no long-term effect on share prices (Ryan Deci, 2017). This is because the companys cash flows remain the same. Other studies support the conclusion that investors cannot be fooled by manipulation of accounting profit figure or charges in capital structure of company. Eventually, the investors will know the cash flow consequences and alter the share prices consequently. It compels the decision maker to identify the variables which affect the cash flow forecasts. This helps him in understanding the investment project in totality. It indicates the critical variables for which additional information may be obtained (Thabet, 2017). The decision maker can consider actions which may help in strengthening the "weak spots" in the project. It helps to expose inappropriate forecasts and thus guides the decision maker to concentrate on relevant variables. Competitive advantage strategy. The company need to market the automobile products to wider area so as to outdo the competitors. Again, the company may decide to absorb other companies dealing with automobile products via mergers, acquisition and amalgamation (Thomas, 2009). This will create a monopoly in the market hence achieving competitive advantage to the company. References. Arnold, J. (2010). Coaching Skills for Leaders in the Workplace: How to Develop, Motivate and Get the Best from Your Staff. How to Books. Chopra, S. (2012). Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education. Christopher, M. (2011). Logistics and Supply Chain Management. FT Press. Clardy, A. (2013). A General Framework for Performance Management Systems: Structure, Design, and Analysis.Performance Improvement,52(2), 5-15. Cocca, P., Alberti, M. (2012). A framework to assess performance measurement systems in SMEs.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,59(2), 186-200. Combs, G., Clapp-Smith, R., Nadkarni, S. (2010). Managing BPO service workers in India: Examining hope on performance outcomes.Human Resource Management,49(3), 457-476. Daft, RL (2015). Management. South Western College Pub. DeTombe, D. (2012). Complex Societal Problems in Operational Research.European Journal of Operational Research,140(2), 232-240. Fletcher, F. (2012). Business Problem Solving. Routledge. Gogu, M. (2017). Emergency situations, adaptive management and national health strategies.Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues,6(2), 29. Heranz, J. (2010). Network Performance and Coordination.Public Performance Management Review,33(3), 311-341. Kanungo, R.N., Manuel, M. (2014). Work Motivation: Models for Developing Countries. Sage Publication put. Lee, S.S. (2016). Critical analysis of the educational community discussion: Focusing on the conceptualization.Journal of Educational Innovation Research,26(1), 45-69. Marylene, G. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation and Self-Determination Theory. OUP USA. Maslow, A.H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. Start publishing LLC. McGregor, D. (2012). The Human Side of Enterprise. New Yolk, 21. Richard, A. (2013). Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing. Ryan, R.M., Deci, EL. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford press. Thabet, A. (2017). Theoretical Framework Measures Management Accounting Systems and Credit Risk Management Policies and Practices towards Organizational Performance in Palestinian Commercial Banks.Account and Financial Management Journal. Thomas, K.W. (2009). Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers.